Tort Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort Law - Case Study Example ‘ACE sports’, as the organisation, was responsible for building the brand new backboard and rim in the school playground where the accident took place. It can be ascertained as one of the potentially liable entities in this scenario as depicted a significant extent of negligence in preparing the backboard and especially rim. The rim had small loose metal prices which can be a result of a lack of focus on product quality by the company. It should have given top priority towards ensuring and building a safe and a secure sporting arena. Also, the topmost priority should have been given to the fact that all those athletes (mainly school students) who were involved in this activity were needed to be assured of proper first aid facilities in the arena itself. Moreover, the surgeon and the nurse had made contributions in Bobby’s surgery but they could have assisted Booby in a better manner. Based on the provided instance, it seemed that the surgery was completed in such a hurry that it got declared that by mistake Bobby’s left wrist got amputated instead of his right. Consequently, it is found that in order to address the scenario an additional corrective surgery took place which resulted in Bobby losing his both wrists. This scenario refers to severe negligence from the part of doctors as in such a critical medical exigency the concerned authorities depicted a lack of focus towards their work which became fatal for an innocent individual Bobby. Also, the nurse who assisted Bobby seemed to perform those activities that did not make much of a sense. The nurse told Bobby to put pressure on his wounds that do not seem appropriate at all. Moreover, there was huge gap that seemed to exist from the part of City General hospital as it did not seem to comply with basic medical standards. The hospital did not provide medical services to Bobby as he was running out of finance and during the time of emergency, Bobby’s mother did not receive any kind of response from the insurance agencies as well (Smith, 2009). Occurrences of these events ended up in Bobby getting refused in terms of receiving proper treatment at the City General hospital and he had to be shifted to a local country facility for undergoing treatment in an urgent basis (Lafferty, 2008; Statsky, 2011). Elements of Negligence There are essentially four elements of negligence that seem to reflect from the part of the healthcare professionals: Duty: The first and foremost aspect in a healthcare unit is to perform one’s duty in an orderly and appropriate manner. If anyone is found to be not complying with the medical standards in performing his/her basic duties then it can result in negligence (Okrent, 2009; Statsky, 2011). Breach: These aspects are considered to take place when one does not seem to obey the medical or industrial standards and comply with the basic rules (Statsky, 2011). Causation: It is an act which generally reflects inappropriate behavi or from the part of the medial care unit that results in causing harm to the patients who undergo treatment (Statsky, 2011). Damage: Damage is a very serious element of negligence which brings about harm to a patient in the matters associated with health and safety (Statsky, 2011). All the elements of negligence apply to ACE Sports, the nurse, the surgeon and City General as all of them were found to be involved in activities that greatly

Overview Of The Company Almarai Business Essay

Overview Of The Company Almarai Business Essay The founder of Almarai is HH Prince Sultan Bin Mohammed Bin Saudi Al Kabeer who recognized the potential to transform the traditional dairy farming in Saudi Arabia in order to meet the needs of a growing domestic market. Numerous agricultural projects were developed under his guidance to achieve the objective of the company. Almarai stepped into the market with the processing of fresh milk and laban into the modern dairy farms. The Company has invested heavily in technologically advanced production facilities and recruiting the right person for the right job. Almarai is considered to be the second and the larger Central Processing Plant with a new cheese plant along with it. On a daily basis, Almarai is capable of serving high quality and hygienic products to more than 43,500 customers within the GCC countries. In 2005, Almarai moved from being a privately owned Company to a publicly listed company and it has over 70,000 shareholders. In 2007, with the acquisition of Western Bakeries, Almarai expanded its product line to include bakery products which improved distribution, and product innovation. The success of Almarai is because of its unique infrastructure which includes farms, dairy, juice and bakery processing plants. And also it is determined by the marketing and distribution expertise, all of which are working towards delivering a quality product to the consumer. Product / Services Details Juices: Almarai always uses the best fruit to make the juices that the customers love. It maintains good balance between good health and great taste. Home Snacks: Snacks products are the tastier and the simple one which would give relishing taste. Yoghurts and Desserts: Pure and calcium-rich favorites for the entire family. Desserts are made from 100% natural, fresh cows milk. Culinary Products: Almarai provides the tastiest cheeses, and richest creams which makes mothers work easy in the kitchen. Dairy Liquids: There is a complete range of delicious laban and milk based dairy products for the entire family. Kids Products: Kids products prove to be a fun and a healthy bunch for kids. Product Mix and Product Line Product Mix Product Line Juices Home Snacks Yoghurts and Desserts Culinary Products Dairy Liquids Kids Products Mixed Fruit, Strawberry, Alphonso Mango, Orange with Pulp, Orange, Orange and Carrot, Apple, Mango, Mango Mixed Fruit, Fruit Cocktail, Mixed Berry, lemon with Mint, Guava with Pulp. Cream Jar Mix, Cheddar Jar Cheese, Sliced Cheese, Square Cheese Portions, Block Cheddar, Halloumi Cheese. Yoghurt, Fresh Cream, Labneh, Layered fruit Yoghurt, Stirred Fruit Yoghurt, Sterilized Cream, Desserts. Tinned Cheese, Butter, Ghee, Mozzarella Cheese, Feta Cheese, Whipping Cream, Tomato Paste. Fresh laban, Fresh Milk, Flavored Fresh Milk, UHT Milk, Evaporated Milk, Advanced Nutrition. Triangled Cheese, UHT Flavored Milk, Zady Drinking Yoghurt, Zady Flavored Yoghurt, Zady Jelly Custard, Zady Fruit Dairy Snack. Product Strategies Product Strategy is the most important function of a company. Almarai was successful because of its unique blend of state-of-the-art infrastructure which includes farms, production operations and go-to-market system. The company distributes its products annually which covers more than 110 million kilometers in delivering dairy, juice, bakery and poultry products reaching up to 41, 797 customers across six GCC states. Ø Product Differentiation: In 1997, Almarai introduced fresh juice to complement the range of dairy products. Then the company for further expansion into bakery in 2007 with the acquisition of Western Bakeries. In the year 2009, poultry was added through the acquisition with Hail Agricultural Development Company (HADCO). During the same year, Almarai made acquisition with Mead Johnson Nutrition to form a 50-50 joint venture known as the International Pediatric Nutrition Company (IPNC). Ø Product Positioning: The way a firms product, brand or organization is placed on the market so it is easily acceptable and recognizable by the customers. * Almarai launches UHT Flavored Milk with different flavours which are targeted at kids. * Almarai enters into the market of baby food which provided the company the opportunities of expansion into new categories. Price Determination Almarai decides its price on the basis of competition. For example, for a pack of 300ml of Orange with Pulp is priced at Dhs 2.50 instead of Dhs 2.00. This pricing strategy makes consumers perceive the products to be affordable. All other branded products are priced between the ranges from Dhs 2 to Dhs 4. Pricing Strategy Pricing refers to the methods adopted by the companies to price their products or services. The cost to produce and design a product, its cost to distribute and promote it must be included in pricing. Pricing a product too high or too low could mean a loss of sales for the organization. Ø Cost Based Pricing:Almarai prices its products by following this strategy. It takes into account the cost of production and distribution, and then they decide final pricing for the products. Almarai milk as compared with Nadec Milk is less in price and also gives the same quantity as of Nadec. It is priced at Dhs 9 whereas Nadec Milk at Dhs 10. Ø Product Line Pricing: Pricing different products within the same product range but at different prices. For example, for a pack of 1.75L of Strawberry Juice costs around Dhs 8 whereas for a pack of 1.75L of Orange Juice is priced at Dhs 7. Distribution Channels used Almarai has long-haul fleet which transports raw milk from dairy farms to the Central Processing Plants and then it transports the finished goods from the production site to different designated sales locations. Almarai reaches to more than 42,000 shops within the GCC countries on daily basis. It ensures that the products are properly packed with appropriate temperatures for different products. The transports are specially designed so that the products are not spoiled and last for longer time. Almarai transports the finished to small grocery stores and supermarkets. Almarai enjoys increasing incomes and demands that come from supermarkets where one shop for ones weekly requirement in a single visit. Packaging Packaging means covering or protecting the product with one or more suitable materials for ease in handling, transportation and marketing. Packaging not only differentiates one brand from another but also gives a preview of the product. Almarai ensures that all its products are properly packed and refrigerated in proper temperatures so that the products maintain its fresh nature and quality. Liquid products are transported in those transports which has refrigerator facility so that it does not get spoiled by over time. Almarai mainly emphasis on quality. Packaging is done in a very clear and uncluttered way so that it is easily recognizable. Promotion Almarai promotes its products through adopting various medium so that the product reaches the customers effectively. Newspaper Campaign Front and inner page color advertisements in various popular newspapers like Khaleej Times, 7 Days, Gulf news†¦etc Radio Campaign Emphasizing on the taste promotional and discount factors which attracts flow of customers to buy the product. Discounts The products are given to customers on discount promotional basis which in turn earns not only increase in profit margin but also goodwill among the customers. For example, Recently Almarai gave discounts of Dhs 2 offer reduction on all its pack of 1.75L Juices which was a new attraction even among the competitors. TV Commercials TV ads are considered as the most common medium for promoting the product. Almarai does regular TV commercials on different channels. It makes the advertisement so attractive especially when it comes for Kids products. Billboards and Holdings Almarai uses even this medium to promote its products and also to make people aware of its discounts and offerings. Almarai has such sites in different locations where people presence is more. Questionnaire Dear Sir / Madam, I am a student of University of Bedfordshire conducting a Survey based on Almarai Company for my Marketing Course. I request you to fill this questionnaire. This data will be used only for educational purpose. Name: Gender: Occupation: Age: a) 15 25 b) 25 35 c) 35 45 d) Above 50 1. Do you drink Almarai Juices? a) Yes b) No 2. Which Flavor you like the most? a) Orange b) Mango c) Strawberry d) Lemon e) Guava f) Cocktail g) Mixed Berry h) Apple 3. Which Brand of Juices you like the most? a) Almarai b) Al Rawabi c) Rani d) Caesar e) Masafi f) Lacnor 4. What is the reason behind choosing your brand? a) Tasty b) Price c)Availability d) Like e) Advertisement f) Quality 5. How much Quantity you purchase the most? a) 200ml b) 300ml c) 1.75L d) 1L 6. Have you tried any other Almarai products other than juices? a) Culinary Products (Tinned Cheese, Butter, Ghee, Feta Cheese, Whipping Cream) b) Dairy Liquids (Fresh Laban, Fresh Milk, Flavored Fresh Milk, UHT Milk, Evaporated Milk, Advanced Nutrition) c) Home Snacks (Cream Jar Cheese, Cheddar Jar Cheese, Sliced Cheese, Square Cheese Portions, Block Cheddar, Halloumi Cheese) d) Yoghurts and Desserts (Yoghurt, Fresh Cream, Labneh, Layered Fruit Yoghurt, Stirred Fruit Yoghurt, Sterilized Cream, Desserts) e) Kids Products (Triangled Cheese, UHT Flavored Milk, Zady Drinking Yoghurt, Zady Flavored Yoghurt, Zady Jelly Custard, Zady Fruit Dairy Snack) 7. Attractive discounts are offered? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Neutral 8. Are you satisfied with the Quality? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Neutral 9. Would you recommend Almarai products to your friends? a) Agree b) Disagree c) Neutral 10. What is your overall opinion about Almarai? a) Very Good b) Good c) Bad d) Very Bad e) Neutral

Nick Carraway as Narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Ess

The Role of Nick Carraway as Narrator of The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  In The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald presents a specific portrait of American society during the roaring twenties and tells the story of a man who rises from the gutter to great riches. This man, Jay Gatsby, does not realize that his new wealth cannot give him the privileges of class and status. Nick Carraway who is from a prominent mid-western family tells the story. Nick presents himself as a reliable narrator, when actually several events in the novel prove he is an unreliable narrator. Although Nick Carraway may be an unreliable narrator, he is the best narrator for the novel because he creates the correct effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nick Carraway wants the reader to think his upbringing gave him the moral character to observe others and not pass judgment on them. If this were true he would be a reliable narrator. A hint to Nick's true moral character is given on the first page of the novel when he misunderstands his father's advice. His father said, "Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages you've had." Clearly his father was telling him of the importance of not criticizing others, but Nick interprets this as a judgment on others (Donaldson 131). This shows how Nick's upbringing has actually made him a judgmental snob toward others. He is not partial; he judges and condemns nearly every character in the novel. He says Tom Buchanan has "Straw hair, a hard mouth, a supercilious manner, and a cruel body with which he pushes people around." Daisy Buchanan is described as insincere and snobbishly t hinks she "has been everywhere, and seen everything and done everything." Myrtle Wilson is sai... ...ich distorts everything. Nick is partial to Jay Gatsby because Gatsby has the guts to chase after his dreams. Gatsby represents the American dream; he rose up from the gutter to fabulous wealth and gets the chance to pursue the girl he loves.   He will never be able to have her though because he does not have the same class or status as Daisy.    Works Cited Daley, Linda. The Great Gatsby Website. 16 July 2000.  Ã‚   <http://www.geocities.com/andrew_dilling/ Donaldson, Scott. "Fresh Approaches." Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.   New York: G.K. Hall and Co. 1984. 131-32. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby.  Ã‚   New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992. 34. Taylor, Douglas. " Using a Dramatic Narrator to Present a Bifocal View." Readings on The Great Gatsby. Ed. Katie de Koster. San Diego: The Greenhaven Press, 1998. 147 - 51.

George Handel :: Music, Operas, Allelujah Chorous

George Handel was one of the best composers of his time. Handel really didn’t grow up with music but when he got the hang of it there was no looking back. Handel was not your average child, he became great at what he did at a young age. â€Å"By the age of eleven, Handel was able not only to compose but also to give organ lessons(Kamien 169). Handel played several instruments and begin playing in operas before he was twenty-one. Handel father was important factor of his life, he was the one that let Handel pursue music full-time at a young age. â€Å"Perhaps to honor the wishes of his father, who had died when Handel was twelve, he entered Halle University at seventeen to study law(Kamien 169).† Handel later drop out of school and traveled to different places to pursue his music. George Handel wrote many operas and oratorios. Some of his first operas got him well-known in England. â€Å"He became England’s most important composer and a favorite of Queen Anne, who gave him a subsidy of 200 a year(Kamien 170). But with the good there’s always a bad. For a period of time, Handel shows were doing good, he even had his own company produce his operas but soon things would change. â€Å"Both opera companies went bankrupt as a result of the competition, and Handel suffered a breakdown(Kamien 170). In, 1741, George Handel produce one of his best works Messiah. â€Å"Handel stopped writing operas entirely(Kamien 170).Oratorios poured from his pen(170). Oratorios don’t have acting, and costumes like operas. Messiah still to this day is one of George Handel greatest works. â€Å"Messiah lasts about two and half hours and was composed in just twenty-four days(Kamien 171). Messiah did not get its success overnight but it took time to gain its su ccess. â€Å"Unlike most of Handel’s oratorios, Messiah is meditative rather than dramatic; it lacks plot, action, and specific characters(Kamien 172).†Messiah is still being use to this day. â€Å"Mozart made one, and still later versions are often played by orchestras for one hundred and choruses of several hundred(Kamien 172). Another one of George Handel great works is Hallelujah Chorus. â€Å"This is the popular name for the chorus that closes part 2 of Handel’s Messiah, which consist of three parts(Alison 1).† This chorus is known everywhere, you might have heard it or recognize it in church, movies, and plays. â€Å"In the Hallelujah Chorus, words and phrases are repeated over and over, as has been common practice in choral music for several centuries(Kamien 177). George Handel :: Music, Operas, Allelujah Chorous George Handel was one of the best composers of his time. Handel really didn’t grow up with music but when he got the hang of it there was no looking back. Handel was not your average child, he became great at what he did at a young age. â€Å"By the age of eleven, Handel was able not only to compose but also to give organ lessons(Kamien 169). Handel played several instruments and begin playing in operas before he was twenty-one. Handel father was important factor of his life, he was the one that let Handel pursue music full-time at a young age. â€Å"Perhaps to honor the wishes of his father, who had died when Handel was twelve, he entered Halle University at seventeen to study law(Kamien 169).† Handel later drop out of school and traveled to different places to pursue his music. George Handel wrote many operas and oratorios. Some of his first operas got him well-known in England. â€Å"He became England’s most important composer and a favorite of Queen Anne, who gave him a subsidy of 200 a year(Kamien 170). But with the good there’s always a bad. For a period of time, Handel shows were doing good, he even had his own company produce his operas but soon things would change. â€Å"Both opera companies went bankrupt as a result of the competition, and Handel suffered a breakdown(Kamien 170). In, 1741, George Handel produce one of his best works Messiah. â€Å"Handel stopped writing operas entirely(Kamien 170).Oratorios poured from his pen(170). Oratorios don’t have acting, and costumes like operas. Messiah still to this day is one of George Handel greatest works. â€Å"Messiah lasts about two and half hours and was composed in just twenty-four days(Kamien 171). Messiah did not get its success overnight but it took time to gain its su ccess. â€Å"Unlike most of Handel’s oratorios, Messiah is meditative rather than dramatic; it lacks plot, action, and specific characters(Kamien 172).†Messiah is still being use to this day. â€Å"Mozart made one, and still later versions are often played by orchestras for one hundred and choruses of several hundred(Kamien 172). Another one of George Handel great works is Hallelujah Chorus. â€Å"This is the popular name for the chorus that closes part 2 of Handel’s Messiah, which consist of three parts(Alison 1).† This chorus is known everywhere, you might have heard it or recognize it in church, movies, and plays. â€Å"In the Hallelujah Chorus, words and phrases are repeated over and over, as has been common practice in choral music for several centuries(Kamien 177).

Art Hist Paper 1

I chose to write about the â€Å"Sarcophagus Depicting a Battle Between Soldiers and Amazons (Warrior Women)†. A sarcophagus is a stone coffin usually bearing sculpture or inscriptions. Supposedly, This Roman cultured sarcophagus was dedicated for an important Roman soldier. It was built some time in between 140 A. D. to 170 A. D. and made out of marble. Sarcophagus were officially made by the Greeks, hence the pediment. Although this sarcophagus was built by the Romans they still added the triangular roof at the top of the coffin, which was also invented by the Greeks.The scene on this coffin is of a battle between men soldiers and female warrior amazons. The battle scene that takes place on this casket is very interesting; it depicts different kinds of symbolism, emotion, and is more expressive. As i started to analyze this sarcophagus, the first thing I noticed was the five columns at the top of the pediment running downwards, having a loons head at the end. That being the first part, and the vivid battle scene displayed right under that.The first thing that came to my mind when i saw the lions was how lions were used as a protective guardian figure in the ancient egyptian times, and it seemed as if these lions, or guardian figures, were watching over from up above, and protecting them. Also another thing i found interesting that was a little out of place to be put on this battle scene'd coffin was the image each four corners had. They all had the same image of a man and a woman kneeling down and also both faced down. he man is higher and looks as if he's on top of the woman, and it seems as if they're praying, or may even be asking for forgiveness.Their facial expression seems very focused and determined as to what they are doing. The four corners seem the most calm from the whole scene. As for the battle, which is completely opposite, has a very violent and vulgar environment being shown. The battle scene has a lot of raging actions being shown. The horses really caught my attention, because they all are in somewhat of a different stance. noticed the horses that are standing over the dead bodies look a little less energized and and ready to fight compared to the other horses. the horses over the dead body are looking down at the bodies and seem to have a depressed/gloomy look or expression. although the other horses are so full of energy and ready to win a battle. not only do the horses expression show that but the Amazons body structures! their body postures and positions show more aggressiveness than the soldiers.The soldiers look as if they are being attacked and were caught off guard. They seem to be moving back and away from the Amazons, while on the other hand the Amazons are not stopping and going to attack. Also the women riding the horses symbolizes somewhat of a powerful characteristic for them, since they are in control of the horses. it can very easily be compared to a Equestrian portrait type, in which a young, en ergetic horse is being controlled by a strong powerful person. Also being noticed is the weapons being used in this battle.Both are wearing helmets, and tunics. the Women are using swords and the men are wearing plates of body armor and are using shields. The soldiers seem to have a relaxed pose for them being in the middle of a battle. They don't seem to be too tensed, they are just simply leaning back and holding up their shield rather than facing the warrior women and actually fighting back. they seem to be in a composite, contrapposto stance. The dead bodies of the women's seem to be more idealized, rather than individualized. hey each have the same posture on the ground and look as if they died peacefully, even though the environment wasn't peaceful. Not only does this sarcophagus environment not seem smooth, but neither is the texture. The battle scene seems to have a rigid kind of texture due to the drapery looking effect from the tunics and also the detailed work on the anim als and human figure, for example the horses hair and the humans helmet. Although the top of the coffin, the pediment, seems very smooth since there is not much carved into in that area.This funeral bed uses a high relief technique, instead of the images being carved into a flat surface they seem to project out towards the viewer. Although there is no color used, the high relief causes a shadowing effect. Even though this sculpture is not in color you can still tell that there is movement taking place in this scene. You can tell the horses and the women riding the horse are in movement because most of the horses front legs are bent in the air while the back legs are bent on the ground, positioned like they are currently mobile. nd Also you can tell that they are in motion because the Amazons capes and tunics are being blow by the wind. the soldiers seem to be mobile opposed to the women seeming to be more immobile. The women are on horses while the soldiers are standing with both fe et on the ground. I also noticed that the coffin has a design going all around the bottom and the top of the scene, which reminded me of the Greek ionic order, as to being more decorative and having the pediment.

Should People in the Public Eye Expect Their Privacy to Be Respected by the Media?

Journalism is a field of work that requires an individual to balance the ethical aspects of invading another person’s privacy with getting the information they need to cover a specific story. It is becoming increasingly common to find out what a certain celebrity has said or done yesterday in today’s newspaper and magazine tabloids. Our society has become so fixated in watching and reading about others, that sometimes we forget that celebrities should have some privacy of their own. Stories in the headlines can range from what a certain celebrity orders from a fast food restaurant to information concerning a divorce settlement between couples. Every solitary move a famous individual makes in his or her life is documented in a photograph, editorial, or headline on a TV show dedicated to exposing their life. If famous celebrities cannot receive any amount of privacy, why should individuals like ourselves be guaranteed that our personal lives are not exposed to the world? Should not all human beings be able to keep certain aspects of their life personal? Journalists and photographers should realize that celebrities are human beings that would like to keep certain parts of their lives to themselves, and not have their lives consumed with photographs and editorials devoted to exposing all details of their life good or bad. The definition of public eye is people in the one, which consist of politicians, athletes, celebrities and other individuals who are famous. For my presentation we will be concentrating on the public eye and whether they should expect their privacy to be respected by the media. Media comes in various forms, with the more common ones being newspapers, tabloids, radio, paparazzi, internet, social media and many more. With the amount of attention numerous celebrities receive from the media, invading their privacy is just another part of a journalist’s job description. Such actions as going through another individual’s trash can lead to the next big headline on tomorrow’s magazine. Some journalists will ultimately dedicate their life to exposing someone else’s in magazine editorials and articles. The media is certainly abusing the rights they are given by exposing details of famous individual’s lives. Anything from celebrity scandals and breakups to private matters like divorce are always shown on TV shows featured on E News, which show the latest and most up to date stories. These shows will provide viewers with hard evidence including paper documents and photographs that depict a certain story. Stories dealing with breakups, for instance, the popular divorce between Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston after seven years of marriage, are sold to specific magazines for a large amount of money. Public eye privacy being invaded – a question that has been discussed over and over again in the media itself, the debate intensifying after the latest tragic break-ups by famous ex-actor and politician Arnold Schwarzenegger was caught having an internal affairs with his maid is to believed his privacy being invaded. Sought by celebrities, anonymous informers as well as ordinary citizens, privacy should be respected by members of the press – too often do journalists use techniques that show disregard for others' distress in order to â€Å"get the story†. However, in other cases, it is due to the publication of â€Å"private† details that hidden agendas and acts of corruption are brought to light. It is the amount of public interest involved that is more important in determining whether or not the press is justified in overriding privacy. The press – all members of the printed media, including newspapers, magazines, and tabloids – plays the important role of informing the public of what they need to know. This freedom of speech in the media is central to our democracy, as it means that the public's main source of information is independent of any of the authorities, and is thus more likely to present information in an unbiased manner. As stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. â€Å"It is the right to know, the publics right to access information, which allows us to keep a critical eye on our society and ensure the fair running of our country. However, another basic human right is the right to privacy â€Å"freedom from intrusion and public attention† as defined in the Oxford Dictionary. This includes privacy for the person, conversation, seclusion and personal information. That is, one should be able to lead a life without others following one all the time, eavesdropping on what one says, having one's every move under surveillance, and making public one's personal details. Such two basic human rights come into conflict when matters are to be reported in the media. What the press sees as information that ought to be made public may be considered private by the individual. 997 figures showed the privacy complaints made by both public personalities and private citizens, having tripled since 1994, stood at 9% of the total number of complaints lodged to the Press Council. Often when confronted with such accusations of intruding upon one's privacy, the journalist's defense is that it was in the â€Å"public interest†. This term, however, is rather vague. Many tend to define it as what the public is interested in – the kind of sensational news that increases circulation and sells papers. Yet this sacrifice of the individual's privacy for the entertainment of the general public is not â€Å"public interest†. In fact, it is the necessity of the public, as citizens, to have access to essential information. A great proportion of those mentioned in the media are ordinary citizens who, because of their experience of extraordinary circumstances, become significant. These people are most likely to be victims of crime or tragedy. In such cases, names, addresses, photographs and other details that would lead to the identification of the victim should not be published without consent. It is not imperative for the public to know the name of the victim because, after all, stories reported in the media are often far removed from the readers' daily lives that the name is of no more interest to them than a piece of trivia. Yet to the victim and his or her family and friends, publication of the name could mean embarrassment, harassment or even death threats from the criminal. In conclusion, the most basic form to freedom of expression and encourages the journalists to have public responsibilities as an honest and efficient journalist that respects the rights of others. The 8th code of ethics in MEAA is to ‘use fair, responsible and honest means to obtain material and never exploit a person’s vulnerability or ignorance of media practice’, meanwhile the 11th code of to ‘respect private grief and personal privacy. But again, it does actually depend on what situation that the public eyes are going through. Is it bad or good thing that journalism should report a story regarding on their private life or its just counted as an entertainment values as in the public interest that will do the rating of a certain story to put in the tabloids.

What were the prevailing physical and social conditions in Pyrmont/Ultimo during the 1950’s?

Pyrmont-Ultimo was once a highly valued area for pre-Colonial Indigenous Australians because of the access to fresh water, fish and other resources. But by the 1950s, the once thriving industrial Pyrmont-Ultimo had fallen into decline. Near deep waterways, the peninsula was a hotspot for industries, manufacturers and shipping companies. The main forms of employment were from these major industries. The area featured industries that were some of the major distributors of flour, milk, wool and sugar in the country, as well as countless wool-stores. The wool-stores were popular businesses in these times. Steep slopes that led to the wool-stores were convenient for business, as the bales of wool would go down the slopes, be treated and inspected, and then sold off out of the factories. Wool stores on the peninsula employed thousands of men. The Ultimo power station was another big industry at the time. The main use of the power station was to supply electricity to the trams that were running throughout Sydney. The Ultimo power station employed hundreds of men and a few women too. The men of the neighbourhood would walk up and down the shipping yards looking for work, trying to make money for their large families. They would also look for work on the railway yards and the mills. Large industries closed and the area remained neglected for nearly forty years, merely a fossil of a once prominent area of industry. By 1954, the Pyrmont-Ultimo population was around 5,000. The area was filled with terraces, built for the working class community. Much of the population lived in these terraces, which were the most popular forms of housing in the area in the 1950s. Due to the area's previously highly dense population, many terraces were built close together, and with some of them reaching up to three stories high. With the construction of the â€Å"Pyrmont 13† passenger terminal, many migrants landed in Australia, bringing not only cultural diversity, but also the eventual social destructions of thousands of newly settled people seeking housing and work, adding on to the already high amount of poor looking for a chance to make a living in the area and provide for their families. The recreation for the people of the Pyrmont-Ultimo region was limited, generally going to one of countless pubs around the area, seeing the local football team play at the park or playing cricket in the streets. After going to work, most men would usually hit the pubs. Artefacts of these times include plaques outside the pubs, some of which read, â€Å"Please Remove Work-Boots Before Entering†. It was believed that owners of the pubs wanted the working class citizens out by as early as possible, with other signs displaying â€Å"Work Clothes Prohibited After 7.P.M†. These signs can be interpreted as an indication that the pubs in Pyrmont-Ultimo wanted more money by attracting the businessmen from the near-by Central Business District (CBD). The Pyrmont-Ultimo environment was generally unhealthy. Countless cases of black lung and cancer were discovered in people from the area, especially in the working-class men who were working and living in these parts. The wool-stores sometimes created many health problems for the workers and other people residing in their homes near them. The Colonial Sugar Refinery (CSR), trains and power stations polluted the air and water in and around the Pyrmont-Ultimo area. Question 2 – Identify and describe the changes that occurred in the Pyrmont/Ultimo area in the period from 1955 to 1975? Significant change took place in the Pyrmont/Ultimo area from 1955 to 1975. The freeway developments of the 1970s physically divided Pyrmont-Ultimo and threatened to destroy all sense of community. One of the first protests was against the demolition of the terrace houses in Fig Street, which were to make way for the North Western freeway. They rebuilt some of the terraces, but they also started building units. A lot the industries moved out west in these times. Pyrmont/Ultimo began to go into Urban Decline and soon into Urban Decay. Changes to industry and development affected housing, employment, as well as the health and leisure of the people. Employment rates dropped dramatically and people were finding it hard to keep a roof over their heads. Many people went elsewhere for recreational purposes, with the large amount of bars going broke, causing them to close down. Many people got depressed when they became unemployed, causing crime rates to rise dramatically. Drugs and alcohol became very common, causing communal bad health levels in the community. Communities gradually started to fall apart, and the area was nothing like what it used to be. The collapse of a once booming society, followed by the collapse of industrial occupation, created a wasteland, causing many people to subsequently move out of the area. Question 3 – Why did these changes occur? What were the determining factors for the changes? These changes occurred because many people were forced to move into other areas when the freeways were getting built and as the industries were beginning to move out west. The industries primarily moved out of the Pyrmont-Ultimo area and out west because they were encouraged by the government to move out into the western districts, which were much affordable than the current locations. Employment rates plummeted as the industries moved out west. Some of the workers moved west so they could keep a job and continue to support their family. Recreation in the area also changed as many people moved away or simply didn't have time anymore, due to the decreasing wages for the jobs that stayed in the area. The only ‘recreational' thing people could now do was to drink their troubles away down at their local pub. People started drinking more regularly because they were becoming depressed, which led to liver damage, other widespread health diseases in the community, and a further increase of poverty in the area. The increase of people drinking made people more hostile and violent. People were also suffering social problems as they either no longer had jobs, or were earning small amounts of money. The community crumbled because people either had to move for work or stay in the area without jobs and therefore no longer afford to live in the Pyrmont-Ultimo area anymore. By the 1960s, the wool-stores moved out of the area to move to new industrial facilities in southwestern Sydney. This marked the fall of the formerly industrious area. During the 1970s, the Pyrmont-Ultimo had become derelict, making it an unpopular residential area. The construction of wool-stores, power stations and factories caused the deconstruction of countless homes and a decrease in population, before the eventual demise of the Pyrmont-Ultimo area (In 1975, the population of Pyrmont-Ultimo was 1800, while in 1955, it was 5000). Question 4 – How did the Pyrmont/Ultimo area change in the 1980's? Explain the factors responsible for these changes? During the 1980s in Pyrmont-Ultimo, new terrace houses were built and abandoned warehouses were transformed into new residential housing facilities. This caused people to start to move back into the area. Casinos replaced wool-stores and power stations as the industries of the future. Derelict buildings were converted into offices and commercial buildings were constructed in the area. Along with these buildings and new offices came greater job opportunities available to the people. In the mid-1980s, the State Government chose to redevelop Darling Harbour as the heart of the 1988 Australian Bicentennial festivals and celebrations. The Convention and Exhibition Centres, The Sydney Aquarium, a major retail shopping complex, the National Maritime Museum, Chinese Gardens, restoration of the Pyrmont Bridge and the development of larger open spaces were constructed in the Darling Harbour area. Rather than sitting in a pub, the new recreational activity was to go to the casino, though a large number of people still enjoyed the atmosphere of the pubs and clubs. The social side of Pyrmont-Ultimo was increasingly getting better. The area was becoming a community again. Health was also becoming getting better, with drug use and alcohol-intakerapidly decreasing. Pyrmont-Ultimo was going through Urban Growth and, subsequently, underwent Urban Renewal. Question 5 – Has the environment and community of Pyrmont/Ultimo benefited from the changes that have occurred since 1950? Justify your answer with reference to primary and secondary data. The housing environment today compared to the 1950s is greater developed. Today, larger units have been built compared to the small terraces of the 1950s, and a now must-have 10% open-space agreement has been created, meaning that 10% of the property must be open-space. The industries in the area are also further advanced nowadays; office blocks and gaming buildings are bigger and better than ever before, as well as some older industries to liven up the mix. Employment rates have greatly increased today than in the 1950s, as many people work in the newly established offices, gaming buildings or recreational buildings near their homes, even though there is great opportunity for people searching for work. Better recreational facilities have also been installed in the Pyrmont-Ultimo community, with casinos, museums, malls, food courts and other shops to go to today, as opposed to the local pub back in the 1950s. Social problems have greatly decreased since the 1950s, and Pyrmont-Ultimo is once again considered to be a great community. Health in Pyrmont/Ultimo is also better, as there is less pollution from factories, power stations and other industries. Although there is still pollution from cars, pollution levels are much less that what they were in the 1950s.